![]() īoth Modern Standard Hindi and Urdu are literary forms of the Dehlavi dialect of Hindustani. The respective writing systems used to write the languages, however, are different: Hindi is written using Devanagari, whereas Urdu is written using a modified version of the Arabic script, each of which is completely illegible to readers literate only in the other. Hindi and Urdu are mutually intelligible as spoken languages, to the extent that they are sometimes considered to be dialects or registers of a single spoken language referred to as Hindi-Urdu or sometimes Hindustani. The Hindi–Urdu controversy arose in 19th century colonial India out of the debate over whether the Hindi or Urdu language should be chosen as a national language. The station board of Hapur Junction railway station in Northern India, with Hindi (top), Urdu (bottom-right) and English (bottom-left) scripts.
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